• Recently a receptor for nicotinic acid named GPR

  2022-02-21

  

  Recently, a receptor for nicotinic acid, named GPR109A (also known as HM74a in man or PUMA-G in the mouse) has been identified (Lorenzen et al., 2001, Lorenzen et al., 2002, Soga et al., 2003, Tunaru et al., 2003, Wise et al., 2003). This receptor, a member of the 7 transmembrane G-protein coupled f

• One clue to how evolution

  2022-02-21

  

  One clue to how evolution has solved such spatiotemporal challenges comes from studies revealing that lymph node (LN) organization is more complex than originally presumed, suggesting that steady-state microanatomical features are crucial for effective immune responses (reviewed by Qi et al., 2014).

• In this study with the

  2022-02-18

  

  In this study, with the use of 13C515N2-labeled glutamine, we observed that 13C515N2-labeled glutamine produces a wide range of NAAG isotopologues and its precursors: NAA and glutamate. The NAAG production from glutamine is consistently more elevated in MYC-ON lymphoma and OVCAR4 compared to MYC-OFF

• br WM astrocytes Grey matter astrocytes express a variety

  2022-02-18

  

  WM astrocytes Grey matter astrocytes express a variety of GluR types that have both physiological and pathophysiological significance [87]. Non-NMDA GluR are also expressed in WM astrocytes [40], although the functionality of these receptors has not been tested. The fibrous astrocytes that popula

• The widespread involvement of HH GLI

  2022-02-18

  

  The widespread involvement of HH/GLI in human malignancies has initiated a remarkable effort to identify selective HPIs. As shown in Table 2.1, most of these small molecule inhibitors target the essential effector protein SMO, which should lead to pathway abrogation by eventually decreasing the GLIA

• The general aim of our in vitro experiments was to

  2022-02-18

  

  The general aim of our in vitro experiments was to analyze the patterns of ghrelin and GHSR-1a expression in the mammary glands of dairy goats during pregnancy and to examine the direct effect of ghrelin on cell proliferation in cultured MECs of pregnant dairy goats. For this purpose, we cultured go

• The primary or in transit site of

  2022-02-18

  

  The primary or in-transit site of metastasis for many cancers, including melanoma, are nearby sentinel lymph nodes (LNs) [6]. As such, sentinel LN biopsy is a common procedure to diagnose and stage melanoma progression [7,8]. Sentinel LNs are often the primary site of metastasis due to tumor cell-st

• The present findings demonstrate for the

  2022-02-18

  

  The present findings demonstrate for the first time in immature rats that hippocampal infusion of ET-1 results in a rapid and long-lasting decrease in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and oxygen saturation (pO2). These data are in accord with the results of studies and adult animals, which have s

• Chicoric acid CA is a di acylated

  2022-02-18

  

  Chicoric all trans retinoic acid (CA) is a di-acylated hydroxycinnamoyl tartaric acid ester [12] found in a variety of plant species, especially within the Astereceae family [13]. Of interest for this study, Sonchus oleraceus and Bidens pilosa plants, from Astereceae family, were used. Both S. oler

• EPZ-6438 receptor Experimental conditions may be critical to

  2022-02-18

  

  Experimental conditions may be critical to explain one model or the other. The matter of Hippo-driven cytoplasmic sequestration (Varelas et al., 2008) of active SMAD complexes (Varelas et al., 2008) vs. TßR basolateral relocalization upon epithelial polarization (Nallet-Staub et al., 2015) as mechan

• Intracellular signaling pathways leading to IR injury are

  2022-02-17

  

  Intracellular signaling pathways leading to IR injury are initiated by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). This occurs principally at the time of initiation of reperfusion, which is accompanied by the re-admission of oxygen to the ischemic tissue. The resulting cascade of downstream events

• Lastly certain populations of immune cells may

  2022-02-17

  

  Lastly, certain populations of immune cells may be Hh responsive. Although PC have not been demonstrated in healthy liver-resident macrophages or lymphocytes, macrophages in injured livers have been shown to produce Hh ligands[58], [100], [101] and treating liver-derived macrophages with neutralisin

• The current research also analyzed the association of this p

  2022-02-17

  

  The current research also analyzed the association of this polymorphism with HCV genotype 1-related hepatic steatosis by gender. Even though the allele and genotypes of this polymorphism an increased the risk of HCV-related hepatic steatosis, neither allele nor genotype frequency of this polymorphis

• NPxY was recognized as the first short signal

  2022-02-17

  

  NPxY was recognized as the first short signal sequence motif in the cytoplasmic domain of membrane receptors and proteins with critical roles in internalization and trafficking of receptor molecules [130]. Including LDL receptor, beta-1 integrin, megalin, beta-amyloid precursor protein, EGF receptor

• Our results show furthermore that higher concentrations

  2022-02-17

  

  Our results show furthermore, that higher concentrations of butyric BIIE 0246 receptor additionally affect GSTP1 mRNA stability leading to a strongly reduced half-life. Concentration-dependent effects of butyric acid on RNA stability and cell signaling pathways involved in the regulation of GSTP1 e

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