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There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells First
2021-09-08

There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells. First by passive diffusion. Second as the putative long-chain fatty 3555 transporters are proposed, CD36 the plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) [11], where CD36 is responsible for u
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br Experimental br Acknowledgments This project was
2021-09-08

Experimental Acknowledgments This project was generously supported by Grünenthal GmbH and IECB. We also thank the staff members of the technical platform of IECB and Grünenthal GmbH for their availability and their skills. Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential steroid hormones t
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The classical genomic effects of GR come about
2021-09-08

The classical genomic effects of GR come about through ligand-bound GR homodimerizing in the nucleus and via direct binding to GREs on the target genes, bringing about transcriptional activation or repression. Examples of target genes up-regulated by activated GR include genes encoding β2-adrenergic
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br Role of BKCa in
2021-09-08

Role of BKCa in Cardiovascular System Perspective for BKCa Channels as Potential Target for Cardiovascular Diseases The intermediate conductance Ca-activated K+ channels (IKCa; KCa3.1, also known as SK4, IK, IKCa1, SMIK) were first discovered in erythrocytes by Gardos (1958) and then also fo
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The active site of PS is located
2021-09-08

The active site of PS1 is located at the interior of its TM horseshoe-like fold (29) (Fig. 1). TM2 and TM6 serve as “doors” for substrate entry (30), as also observed in recent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the PS1 subunit (31). Recent coarse-grained (CG) and atomic simulations also showed
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The gene structures of cGalR and cGalR
2021-09-08

The gene structures of cGalR2 and cGalR2-L were determined by in silico comparison with the chicken genomic DNA sequences retrieved from the Ensembl database. Both cGalR2 and cGalR2-L genes are composed of two coding exons, separated by single introns of 0.9kb (cGalR2) or 3kb (cGalR2-L) locating wit
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br Introduction Nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC is a head and
2021-09-07

Introduction Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a head and neck epithelial malignancy with high prevalence in southern China, southeast Asia, and northern Africa [1,2]. NPC is caused by a combination of factors: infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), environmental influences, and heredity [3]. A
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Hexokinases HXKs are major regulatory enzymes in sugar metab
2021-09-07

Hexokinases (HXKs) are major regulatory enzymes in sugar metabolism and in sugar sensing in plants (Claeyssen and Rivoal, 2007, Granot et al., 2013, Sheen, 2014, Aguilera-Alvarado and Sánchez-Nieto, 2017). HXK can phosphorylate both glucose and fructose to respective hexose-6-phosphates as a first s
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br Acknowledgements This work was supported
2021-09-07

Acknowledgements This work was supported by NIH HL111674 (JHF), and the Antoinette E. (“Mimi”) & Herman Boehm Foundation (JK). The authors wish to acknowledge the valuable assistance of the Functional Genomics Core of the University of Colorado, Denver. Introduction The 21-gene recurrence sco
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Though studied less extensively than in cholangiopathies and
2021-09-07

Though studied less extensively than in cholangiopathies and fatty liver diseases, the Hh pathway is active in other forms of human liver disease, such as Schistosomiasis[58], [101] and chronic viral hepatitis,[100], [125] as well as in several animal models of liver disease, including drug-induced
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By combining the results of the
2021-09-07

By combining the results of the melting curve analysis of exon 5 and exon 6, the allelic setup of our 250 subjects was determined; the four allelic variants are shown in Table 1. However, GSTP1-1 *A/*C and GSTP1-1 *B/*D could not be distinguished from one another because both genotypes are characte
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Sodium Orthovanadate The simple carrier model for GLUT trans
2021-09-07

The simple carrier model for GLUT1 transport activity proposes that the transporter alternates between an outward facing glucose binding site and an inward, cytoplasmic, facing glucose binding site. Cytochalasin B is an endofacial inhibitor and appears to preferentially bind to the open, inward faci
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To evaluate SLC A abundance after transfection we performed
2021-09-07

To evaluate SLC45A1 abundance after transfection, we performed western blots. Transfected COS-7 Fmoc-Ala-OMe were lysed and separated for membrane fraction. Equal amounts of proteins from membrane fractions were resolved by SDS-PAGE, transferred to a nitrocellulose filter, and immunoblotted with an
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Next we focused on B part the phthalazine ring
2021-09-07

Next, we focused on B-part, the phthalazine ring. While both nitrogen atoms of the phthalazine ring were found to be important (data not shown), replacing the benzene ring of the phthalazine part was attempted, and shows the results of the substituted pyridazine rings with bearing 2-methoxy benzene
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Congenital Gcgr mice exhibit increased hepatic
2021-09-07

Congenital Gcgr mice exhibit increased hepatic Fgf21 expression and circulating FGF21 levels. Previous studies by other investigators demonstrated that neutralization of circulating FGF21 with specific Dihydroartemisinin impairs glucose control in these mice [6]. In addition, the FGF21 analog LY240
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