• Astrocytes play a key role

  2020-10-16

  

  Astrocytes play a key role in the brain, as these cells are involved in fluid, ion, pH, and neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse function, energy and metabolism and blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance (Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010). PA is able to activate different damaging responses in astrocytes

• It is now well accepted that increased local

  2020-10-16

  

  It is now well accepted that increased local estrogen levels are associated with both the onset and growth of breast cancer. Tissue concentrations of estradiol (E2) in breast cancer are 10 times higher than that found in plasma [12]. Breast cancer tissues also contain increased activity and expressi

• Although BPA has been proven to

  2020-10-16

  

  Although BPA has been proven to cause many health issues such as obesity and neurological toxicity (Rubin, 2011), the effects and mechanisms of BPA on the human tumorigenesis and cancer development are still not well illustrated. In the present study, we found that 10 to 10M BPA significantly promot

• br Conclusions ERK and its phosphorylation plays an essentia

  2020-10-16

  

  Conclusions ERK 1/2 and its phosphorylation plays an essential role in the hippocampus and can be triggered by both ROS accumulation and excessive Ca2+. DBP exposure can also affect the production of ROS and Ca2+ in the hippocampus. The question therefore arises as to whether the cell injury or a

• Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic recurrent and inflammato

  2020-10-16

  

  Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent and inflammatory skin disease, and it is characterized by erythema, skin hyperplasia, scales, and hyperproliferation of keratinocyte [1]. It is reported that the psoriasis occurrences are about 3% worldwide [2], but the number varies depending on ethni

• br Conclusions br Declaration of

  2020-10-16

  

  Conclusions Declaration of interest Acknowledgment This work was supported by an AIRC (Associazione Italiana Ricerca Cancro-Milan) Grant KFR062-2 to A.G.L, by Ricerca Funds by Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (Grant No. 180/01) and by the ERA-NET “ERare” (Grant GO

• Introduction PGE is a major

  2020-10-16

  

  Introduction PGE2 is a major mediator present at sites of inflammation [1]. It is well established that PGE2 contributes to the localized and systemic symptoms of inflammation. A key study by Portanova et al. [2] demonstrated that anti-PGE2 AGK 2 were able to reverse the swelling and pain in local

• AEE788 br Results and discussion The effects of hypoxia a co

  2020-10-16

  

  Results and discussion The effects of hypoxia, a combination of shear stress and hyperoxia, and a combination of shear stress and hypoxia in BAECs were assessed at 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min. Changes in phosphorylation levels of eNOS at Ser635 were investigated using immunoblotting, and repr

• Other GPCRs notable for changes in

  2020-10-16

  

  Other GPCRs notable for changes in expression on CLL cells include upregulation of the thromboxane A2 receptor TBXA2R mRNA [61] and up and downregulation of mRNA and protein from the neurotensin receptors NTSR2 and NTSR1, respectively [62]. The Eμ-TCL1 mouse model of CLL has been used to study mult

• LY2584702 EBI remains an orphan GPCR and

  2020-10-16

  

  EBI2 remains an orphan GPCR and the identity and source of its ligand are yet to be described. Molecular studies of EBI2 have suggested that this receptor has constitutive activity, similar to that observed for many herpesvirus-encoded 7TM receptors (Benned-Jensen and Rosenkilde, 2008, Rosenkilde et

• br Cytokine impact on ILC fate Increasing evidence shows

  2020-10-16

  

  Cytokine impact on ILC fate Increasing evidence shows that ILC2 and ILC3 may convert into ILC1-like Tenovin-6 by downregulating either GATA3 or RORγt, respectively, upregulating T-bet and gaining the capacity for IFN-γ production [60,61]. This process, often referred to as ‘ILC plasticity’, may b

• br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2020-10-16

  

  Conflicts of interest Acknowledgements Introduction Atherosclerosis is the number one cause of death in the United States and among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally [1]. Inflammation is critical in all stages of atherosclerosis from the formation of a plaque in the ves

• Thus DGK active sites remain

  2020-10-15

  

  Thus, DGK-active sites remain ill-defined and, combined with the lack of crystal structures for mammalian DGKs, have limited our understanding of substrate and inhibitor binding. As a result, current DGK inhibitors consist of compounds with poor specificity within the DGK superfamily (de Chaffoy de

• 6XHis br Anti inflammatory effects of MTX In

  2020-10-15

  

  Anti-inflammatory effects of MTX In addition to cytotoxic and cytostatic effects, the anti-inflammatory activity of MTX was also described by several studies. Inhibition of ATIC by MTX has been found to result in the accumulation of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl 5′-monophosph

• Various domains of DDR have been

  2020-10-15

  

  Various domains of DDR1 have been shown to be important for receptor clustering and its oligomeric status. It is now understood that (i) dimerization [7] and higher-order oligomerization [12], [18] of the DDR1 extracellular domain (ECD) enhance its binding to collagen; (ii) DDR1 exists as non-covale

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